What is a norm-referenced test? What is a criterion-referenced test?

When is it best to use norm-referenced test? When is it best to use criterion-referenced? How are they different and alike? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Research design is highlighted.

This job encompasses these questions: Research design has the purpose of obtaining answers to research questions and controlling variance. (1) Explain what this statement means. (2) How does a research design control variance? (2) Why should a factorial design control more variance than a one-way design? (3) How does a design that uses matched participants or repeated measures of the same participants control variance? (4) What is the relation between the research questions and hypotheses and a research design? (5) Invent a research problem to illustrate your answers to these questions.