The Pink Puffer

Arnold, 67, visited his doctor for the first time in about ten years because he had noticed an increasing shortness of breath during gentle exercise. He has found this shortness of breath most noticeable whilst climbing stairs or walking up hills. Arnold had smoked one packet of cigarettes per day for about 50 years, but he recently gave up smoking because of his shortness of breath. Arnolds doctor firstly noted that Arnold seemed thin and had a good skin colouration. On questioning it seemed that Arnold had developed a chronic cough that produced only a relatively small amount of sputum. However, he apparently suffered no chest pains, no wheezing or any noticeable changes in normal b... click for more

High Blood Pressure

What is Hypertension and the side effects?

physiology case study

I am given this info: My comments are in brackets A 26 year-old female prisoner begins a hunger strike to protest what she considers unfair prison policies. She drinks only tap water, and her only exercise is two dailyt half hour walks at approx 2.5 mph. The temp in her cell is kept at 72F. her starting weight is 70 kg (154 lbs) of which 14% is body fat. After the end of four weeks her deteriorating condition prompts the prison physician, her family and her friends urge her to stop fasting. All questions are related to each other: -What would u estimate her daily energy expenditure to be and approx how much weight would she have lost in four weeks. [--is there an equation for this?] ... click for more

case-study

A 22 year old woman was in a motor accident with resultant neck injuries that led to partial paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. Sher reports that almost immediately after her chest felt heavy. Doctors in the ER observed that she was dyspneic. Her pulmonary function values were: vital capacity 650 ml min vent vol-6L/min respiratory rate 30 breaths/min PaO2 61mmHg (arterial) PaCO2 47 mmHg (arterial) How would I go about finding these things? Is there an equation to find tidal volume? -IS this person hyperventilatin, hypoventilating or normal?---related to what? -What is this persons pH --How would I find this? How do I find the VQ ratio comared to normal?

Stomach surface area.

Hi, How does the relatively small surface area of the stomach help it in it's digestion function. Thank you.