Emphysema and smoking

What is the role of smoking in the development of emphysema?

H-Y antigen, AMH, and Testosterone

Please give basic explanation of the roles of the H-Y antigen, AMH, and Testosterone in the differentation of the internal and external genitalia of the male.

Cell Nucleus

If a cell loses or rejects its nucleus, what is its fate and why?

ATp/protein sysnthesis/enzymes

Name the organelle that is the major site of ATP synthesis, and three organelles involved in protein synthesis or modification or both. Also, name two organelles that contain enzymes, and descrive their relative functions.

Can you explain what “I think, therefore I am” means to Descartes.

Can you explain what “I think, therefore I am” means to Descartes.