Stoics and Stoicism

I keep hearing about stoicism and do not understand the meaninng of the concept. Can you explain to me what stoicism is and the basic philosophy of the stoic? Thanks.

question

I learned that one criticism of the Romantic Period(ex. "follow your heart") is that its emphasis on feeling led to what some consider to be an age of subjectivity. As an example of such subjectivities, teacher mentioned that many people today decide moral questions--what is good and what is bad-- based on how they feel about the matter at hand, rather than through an understanding based on "fixed' moral and religious truths. If he is right, as a matter of fact, that morality today has become highly subjective, are there dangers of such a subjective approach?

How does one resolve the tension between ethical relativism and cultural pluralism?

-When faced with the issues like Terrorism, relativists would assert that people who live within one culture have no right to judge those who live in a different culture for their differences in cultural standards and values. My question is; which relativists-- moral or cultural? or both? -An ethical subjectivist can't resolve a moral dispute with another E.S. So can I make a conclusion that the theory can't be true? -"We live in a society of pluralism and tolerance"-- could you please explain this?

soft deductions

please give a detail explanation and example of soft deductions, what is the purpose??

i need to know if the soft deductions are acurate???

Can you please revised the soft deductions in the attachment and give immediate feedback, I need to know if i am on the same page as your-self