A fault is observed in a road cut, but there are no obvious rocks units to correlate on either side of the fault to determine relative movement.

A fault is observed in a road cut, but there are no obvious rocks units to correlate on either side of the fault to determine relative movement. How else might you determine or even infer whether the hanging wall has moved up or down relative to the footwall? (Hint: Think of fossils, tectonic setting, etc.)

How could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock?

Volcanoes are generally not preserved in the geologic rock record as they are eroded away. However, the various materials erupted from volcanoes are often found preserved in the rock record. How could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock? Give specific examples and briefly discuss if some materials may be linked to different types of volcanoes

Without using Bowen’s Reaction Series, how might you determine the order of crystallization of minerals in an individual rock sample?

The size of crystals in igneous rocks is generally a function of the rate of cooling. However, within the same rock crystal size does not necessarily reflect the order of crystallization for individual minerals. Without using Bowen’s Reaction Series, how might you determine the order of crystallization of minerals in an individual rock sample? (Hint: Think about the texture).

Continental Drift and Tsunami Questions

Describe Continental Drift Explain how this process or discovery contributed to our current acceptance of plate tectonic theory. What would Alfred Wegener say about the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and Mt. Vesuvius recurring eruptions in Vesuvius, Italy?

The geology of a fictitious Earth

If gabbro cuts across both sandstone and schist and schist is the oldest, draw a geological cross section showing relations between the rocks. Write about the geological history of the region starting with the oldest events.