dynamic and static armoring along shores

In dynamic armouring smaller particles are used and they are allowed to adjust by erosion and deposition to the prevailing wave climate, while still protecting the finer particles behind them from being washed away. In static armouring very large stones are placed to lock the shore in place - no movement is anticipated even in the worst storm. What are the advantages and disadvantages in both human terms (use, appearance, cost) and natural terms of the two strategies for coastal protection?

measuring variation in wave size

Can you express a quantitative method for describing the variation in wave size?

Maps - 19th Century

1. Take a look at this map attached below. Identify each of the 26 countries that are labeled with numbers. 2. Discuss the series of institutions that the colonial period and its Iberian heritage, having ended in the early decades of the 19th Century, established that are still in place today. Why do you think this is? (See attached file for full problem description)

Research the types of social protest movements in Panama...

Need a little more info: Research the types of social protest movements in Panama. Possible types of protest include environmental, feminist, peasant, labor, minority, indigenous, and religious protest, although not every nation will have experienced every type of protest in its history. Focus on examples of social protest, not social revolutions or general political history. discuss specific examples of social protest, but it need not cover every type of protest in panama. 1.What were the motivations or reasons given for protest? Are they linked to economic conditions? 2.Often times, religious groups play a role in addressing social and economic problems. How have they been involv... click for more

Panama is described.

I describe the indigenous groups or religious or ethnic minorities within Panama and approximates each group's percentage within the general population. In the past, how have the dominant population treated minority populations in your country? What is the role of women in panama deciding reproductive strategies? What is the per capita income in panama? How unevenly is income distributed?