Genetics problems

Attached are some genetics problems that i have some trouble solving. please solve these problems (showing work as to how you arrived at the solutions with the answers).

2 Questions on Life Science

Natural selection is the key mechanism of evolution and accounts for the commonality and diversity in nature. Can you give a specific example of a successful species and unsuccessful species adapting and not adapting respectively to their environments and why their adaptations or lack of made it so? How can having high levels of serum sodium ions (high salt diets) contribute to the disease of hypertension (high blood pressure). Describe how these high levels of sodium ions can increase blood volume resulting in a rise in blood pressure.

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology and genetic engineering is changing rapidly. Do you think this pace is safe? Why or why not? What are your thoughts on cloning, genetic screening and manipulation? Can you explain your stand briefly and also provide me with a couple of references that I can use for better understanding? I need websites and verbiage that I can understand as I am really struggling with this topic. Thanks.

Mendelian inheritance for heterozygotes

In Mendelian terms, please explain how two dark haired individuals could have a blonde haired child. What are the factors which control gene outcome ?

Genetics (part 1) pre-test

(See attached files for full problem descriptions)