An explanation of NAD and FAD.

What are NAD and FAD? How do their roles differ? Which is found in greater amounts?

How ATP is formed

Compare and Contrast two methods of forming ATP. What would be the benefits of each. Thanks.

Understanding cell respiration and why energy is harvested in many small steps.

In cell respiration why is energy harvested in many small steps instead of one or two large ones?

Determining which factors should be taken into consideration when genetically modifying a mouse.

Suppose you are given the task of genetically modifying a mouse so that its skin cells secrete a bitter tasting protein that will protect it from predation. What factors would you have to consider in order to achieve this goal? You only need to consider protein targeting, do not be concerned with how you would get the gene into the mouse or how you would control expression of the gene once it is in the mouse.

Explanation of why two different drugs are toxic to dividing cells in regards to microtubule dynamics.

The drug taxol, extracted from the bark of yew trees, has the opposite effect of the drug colchicine, an alkaloid from autumn crocus. Taxol binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizes them. When taxol is added to cells, it causes much of the free tubulin to assemble into microtubules. In contrast, colchicine prevents microtubule formation. Taxol is just as disruptive to dividing cells as colchicine, and both are used as anticancer drugs. Based on your knowledge of microtuble dynamics, suggest why both drugs are toxic to dividing cells despite their opposite actions.