Electron Transport

4. Electron transport translocates protons from the mitochondrialmatrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. During oxidative phosphorylation by a suspension of mitochondria in a medium of pH 7.4, the pH of the matrix has been measured as 7.7. a. Calculate [H+] in the external medium and in the matrix under these conditions. b. What is the outside: inside ratio of [H+] ? Is there energy inherent in this concentration? Explain. c. Calculate the number of protons in a respiring liver mitochondrian, assumi... click for more

BioChem

1. Since lactate is a "dead end" product of metabolism in the sense that its sole fate is to be converted into pyruvate, what is the purpose of its formation? 2. The molecule 2, 4 -dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. For a short period of time, it was prescribed clinically as a pill for weight reduction (against the advice of ssientists). Explain the basis for its ability to cause weight loss. 3. Consider the following reactions, which are two consecutive steps in the cyclic, multistep metabolic pathway referred to as the Kreb's cycle. The first reaction, which is not thermodynamically spontaneous, immediately precedes the second reaction, which occurs spo... click for more

Biochem

1.Find a model of a human homeodomain/DNA complex. a.How many models do you find? Number: ______ . b. What method of structure determination produced the first of these models? PDB ID code: ______ . Method: _______________________ . c. View the first model on the list with QuickPDB or your favorite molecular viewer. What secondary structural element(s) (helix, sheet, coil) interact with DNA? Secondary structural elements: ___________ . d. Give beginning and ending residues of main secondary structural element in contact with DNA. Residue start: ______ end: ______ . 2. Structural Work: ===>Requires completion of the Encore! structure section of... click for more

bioinformatiocs---calculate the electrostatic potential

what will be the best way to calculate the potential around protein. which PB is the fast, easiest one? need instructions about how to get and step of calculation please explain it in detail

study of the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in a novel bacterium

See the word file. (long question)