Neurostransmitters

What neurotransmitter is released at the preganglionic synapses of the sympathetic division? at the postganglionic? What neurotransmitter is released at the parasympathetic preganglionic synapse? at the postganglionic?

Craniosacral outflow of the ANS

Describe the craniosacral outflow of the ANS.

Neuroanatomy question

A pediatrician examining an infant found a large swelling in the lower part of the infants back over the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. The summit of the swelling had an oval raw area from which a clear fluid was discharging. The legs were hyperextended and feet were held in a position of talipes calcaneus. What is the problem? Explain all aspects of the defect on the back. [I think it may be spina bifida meningocele, since there is not mention of spinal cord in the swelling. however i am not sure and i don't know why the swelling would have a discarge (CSF)... lack of folate and possible the LE issues are residual due to residual paralysis... Can anyone help me??]

What is the level of damage to the spinal cord?

A woman was in an auto accident. Although she had her seat belt fastened (no shoulder strap) she was thrown forward on impact. She said she could not feel anything in either leg and could not move her legs. Examination revealed the following: a. Complete motor and sensory loss in both legs below the inguinal ligament and absence of all deep tendon reflexed in both legs. b. Twelve hours late it was noted that she had a return of sensation to her right leg except for loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory sense and proprioception sense. c. Her left leg showed a total analgesia, thermoanesthesia and partial loss of tactile sense. d. Her right leg was totally paralyzed and the muscles ... click for more

Neurology - Queckenstedt's sign & a blood vessel

(1) The notes on a patient state that he has a positive Queckenstedt's sign. Explain Queckenstedts' sign. This what I have could you please check and make sure I am not missing anything? Also known as: Queckenstedt’s method Queckenstedt’s sign Queckenstedt’s symptom Queckenstedt’s test Queckenstedt-Stookey test Stookey’s symptom Associated persons: Hans Heinrich Georg Queckenstedt Byron Polk Stookey Description: Test to determine whether or not the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked in the spinal canal. The test is performed by putting bilateral pressure on the jugular veins - vv. jugulares internae - during the course of a lumbar puncture. Normally there is a sharp ... click for more