Spinal cord

Describe the spinal cord, depicting its extent, its composition of gray and white matter, and its spinal roots.

Specific ascending pathways

All of the following descriptions refer to specific ascending pathways except one: (a) they include the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus, which terminate in the thalamus; (b) they include a chain of three neurons; (c) their connections are diffuse and polymodal; (d) they are concerned with precise transmission of one or a few related sensory modalities.

Fiber tracts

Describe the functional problems that would be experienced by a person in which these fiber tracts have been cut: (a) lateral spinothalamic, (b) anterior and posterior spinocerebellar, (c) tectospinal

Nervous system

1)What is a reflex arc? Name its minimum components. 2)What is the function of the thalamus? the hypothalamus? the cerebellum? 3)Discuss how the brain is protected by bone, membranes, fluid, and capillaries. 4)What are two functions of the spinal cord? 5)How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? How do they arise? 6)How would a drug that inhibits the parasympathetic division affect a person’s pulse? 7)Define senility. Name possible causes of permanent and reversible senility.

Nervous system

A man in his early 70s was having problems chewing his food. He was asked to stick out his tongue. It deviated to the right, and its right side was quite wasted. What cranial nerve was impaired? Bob a couch potato likes to eat a very large meal in the evening. After the meal, his wife asks him to help clean the dishes, but Bob explains that he is too tired and promptly goes to sleep. What seems to be his problem? In Jim’s checkup one year after an accident severed his right accessory nerve, severe muscle atrophy was noted. What two prominent muscles have been affected? Why does exposure toxins have more devastated neural effects during early pregnancy than in late pregnancy?